وَمَا كَانَ النَّاسُ إِلَّا أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَاخْتَلَفُوا ۚ وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةٌ سَبَقَتْ مِن رَّبِّكَ لَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ فِيمَا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ ﴿19﴾
Mankind were but one community (i.e. on one religion - Islamic Monotheism), then they differed (later), and had not it been for a Word that went forth before from your Lord, it would have been settled between them regarding what they differed. (19)
The Holy Quran
Muslim Scholars define the Quran as this: The Arabic speech of Allah that was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) both in word and in meaning. It is collected between the two covers of the mushaaf, was narrated in mutawaatir chains, and is a challenge to humankind.
We can learn five important things about the Quran from this definition.
- 1 - The Arabic speech of Allah: The Quran is the speech of Allah, in Arabic. This means that anything that’s not Arabic isn’t the Quran. You can’t pray in English, in French, in Swahili, in Urdu–it has to be in Arabic.
- 2 - Revealed to the Prophet: We know that Allah revealed many revelations–including the Injeel and the Tawrah and the Zabur. Those are also revelation of Allah–but they’re not the Quran. Only what Allah revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) is Quran.
- 3 - Revealed in Word and Meaning: Not Only is the meaning of the Quran the same as what Allah meant; but the words themselves are also from Allah. (Unlike Hadith Qudsi, where the meaning is from Allah, and the words are from the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم).
- 4 - Collected between Two Covers: Hadith Qudsi is also the speech of Allah, but it’s not Quran. Similarly, there are verses that used to be in the Quran, but aren’t anymore–even though they were once! These are the abrogated verses, and they’re not considered Quran anymore, even though we still know what some of those revelations were.
- 5 - Mutawaatir: The Quran was related in a mutawaatir fashion–so many narrators narrated it, at every single step in the chain of narration, that it’s impossible that they all lied or made a mistake.
- 6 - A Challenge to Humankind: The Quran is an ongoing challenge to the human race–create a book, a surah, a verse like it; but nay, we will NEVER be able to. Allah Himself says so.
One other important part of the definition of the Quran is that Allah promised that He will protect it, until the end of time–and that promise doesn’t apply to anything else (such as the sunnah, or the Hadith Qudsi).
And we thought we knew the Quran!
May Allah allow us all to become saahibul-Quran, Companions of the Quran, those whom Allah will give the highest level of jannah (ameen)!
References
Yasir Qadhi. Lecture. AlMaghrib. Route 114: Quranic Sciences. University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, March 2008.
